Korean Terminology |
 |
There are two
different numbering systems that are used by Koreans.
The first numbering system is used when counting, or
when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first
ten numbers in this system are as follows:
|
1 |
:
|
hanah |
|
2 |
:
|
dool |
|
3 |
:
|
set |
|
4 |
:
|
net |
|
5 |
:
|
dasot |
|
6 |
:
|
yasot |
|
7 |
:
|
ilgop |
|
8 |
:
|
yadol |
|
9 |
:
|
ahop |
|
10 |
:
|
yool |
The stress in "hanah", "dasot", and "yasot"
is on the first syllable, in "ilgop", "yadol", and "ahop"
on the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo, this is
so emphasized that the other syllable frequently almost
disappears (e.g., "han", "das", "yos", "lgop", "hop",
etc.).
The other numbering system (which is
of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and is
often used where Americans would use ordinal numbers
(such as "first", "second", etc ...). For example, this
second numbering system is used when describing a
person's rank: a first degree black belt would be an "il
dan". The first ten numbers in this numbering system are
as follows:
|
1 |
:
|
il |
|
2 |
:
|
ee |
|
3 |
:
|
sahm |
|
4 |
:
|
sah |
|
5 |
:
|
oh |
|
6 |
:
|
ryook |
|
7 |
:
|
chil |
|
8 |
:
|
pal |
|
9 |
:
|
koo |
|
10 |
:
|
ship |
The final `l' in "chil" and "pal"
isn't rounded, like an American `l' .... It's a much
shorter sound, sort of like the initial `l' in "let",
but even shorter. It's not like the `l' in "ball".
When pronouncing the word "ship", you
must not
emphasize the "sh" sound. It's almost more like "sip"
with a sort of a lisp. If you pronounce it like "sh" in
"shell", then you are referring to sexual intercourse.
Even though this second numbering
system may correspond to ordinal numbers in English in
some cases, these are not ordinal numbers. Koreans use a
separate set of words for ordinal numbers.
|
ye ui |
:
|
courtesy |
|
yom chi |
:
|
integrity |
|
in nae |
:
|
perseverance |
|
kuk gi |
:
|
self-control
(also "jah jeh") |
|
baekjool |
:
|
indomitable
spirit (also "boolgool eui jung shin") |
|
sahnkal |
:
|
knifehand |
|
sahnkal
jecho |
:
|
knifehand
with palm up |
|
sahnkal
deung |
:
|
ridgehand
(also "oppun sahnkal") |
|
sahn bahtong |
:
|
palm heel
(also "bahtong sahn") |
|
sahn deung |
:
|
back hand
(also "deung sahn") |
|
ah keum sahn |
:
|
arc hand |
|
galkwi sahn |
:
|
ripping (or
raking) hand |
|
jipke sahn |
:
|
pincers hand |
|
joomok |
:
|
fist |
|
deung joomuk |
:
|
back fist |
|
yup joomuk |
:
|
side fist |
|
me joomuk |
:
|
hammer-fist |
|
inju joomuk |
:
|
forefinger
one-knuckle fist |
|
bamchu
joomuk |
:
|
middle-finger one-knuckle fist |
|
doo bam
joomuk |
:
|
two-knuckle
fist |
|
pyun joomuk |
:
|
flat (or
open) fist |
|
omji joomuk |
:
|
thumb-knuckle fist |
|
kwan soo |
:
|
spearhand
(also "pyun sahnkeut") |
|
sahnkeut |
:
|
spearfinger |
|
gawi
sahnkeut |
:
|
scissors-shaped spearfingers |
|
bahro
chirugi |
:
|
straight
(return) punch |
|
bahndae
chirugi |
:
|
reverse
punch |
|
gullgi
chirugi |
:
|
hook punch |
|
yung seuk
chirugi |
:
|
combination
(consecutive) punch |
|
doo bun
chirugi |
:
|
double punch |
|
sae bun
chirugi |
:
|
triple punch |
|
sahnkeut
chirugi |
:
|
spearfinger
thrust |
|
sewo chirugi |
:
|
vertical
punch |
|
gotjang
chirugi |
:
|
vertical
fist punch |
|
dolrya
chirugi |
:
|
round punch |
|
dwijubo
chirugi |
:
|
upset punch |
|
soteum
chirugi |
:
|
spring punch |
|
nehryuh
chirugi |
:
|
downward
punch |
|
chi chirugi |
:
|
uppercut
punch |
|
jae chuh
chirugi |
:
|
upper punch
(also "jae chin chirugi") |
|
doo joomuk
chirugi |
:
|
doublefist
punch |
|
dikootja
chirugi |
:
|
`U' (or `C')
shaped punch (hi-lo) |
|
sosum
chirugi |
:
|
double
uppercut punch |
|
keumgang
chirugi |
:
|
diamond-shaped punch |
|
nalgeh
chirugi |
:
|
wing-shaped
punch |
|
bahkat
palmahk mahki |
:
|
outer
forearm block |
|
ahn palmahk
mahki |
:
|
inner
forearm block |
|
sahng
palmahk mahki |
:
|
twin forearm
block |
|
ahnuro mahki |
:
|
inward block |
|
bahkuro
mahki |
:
|
outward
block |
|
ahrae mahki |
:
|
low block |
|
cho kyo
mahki |
:
|
rising block |
|
daebi mahki |
:
|
guarding
block |
|
bituro mahki |
:
|
twisting
block |
|
gahwi mahki |
:
|
scissors
block |
|
keumgang
mahki |
:
|
diamond-shaped (Hercules) block |
|
gutjha mahki |
:
|
`9'-shaped
block (cross block) |
|
yeot pero
mahki |
:
|
`X'-shaped
block (also "kyo cha mahki") |
|
santeul
mahki |
:
|
mountain-shaped block (also "osanteul mahki") |
|
weh santeul
mahki |
:
|
part
mountain-shaped block |
|
utgallruyuh
mahki |
:
|
cross block
(also "utgiruh mahki") |
|
hechuh mahki |
:
|
scattered
block (or wedge block) |
|
hwang so
mahki |
:
|
ox (or
"bull") block |
|
bahtangsahn
nooluh mahki |
:
|
pressing
down block |
|
deuluh oll
ryu mahki |
:
|
upward
scooping fist block |
|
cha olligi |
:
|
stretching
kick |
|
jillo chagi |
:
|
thrusting
kick |
|
ahp chagi |
:
|
front kick |
|
yup chagi |
:
|
side kick |
|
dolrya chagi |
:
|
round
(roundhouse) kick |
|
dwi chagi |
:
|
back kick |
|
bahndae
dolrya chagi |
:
|
reverse
round kick ("hook kick" for some styles) |
|
dwi dolrya
chagi |
:
|
back round
kick ("hook kick" for some styles) |
|
gullgi chagi |
:
|
hook kick
(also "golcho chagi" or "golro chagi") |
|
bahndall
chagi |
:
|
crescent
kick (literally "half moon kick") |
|
hoohrio
chagi |
:
|
wheel kick |
|
beet chagi |
:
|
slant (or
instep) kick |
|
bahn dolrya
chagi |
:
|
half round
kick (also "instep kick") |
|
beakya chagi |
:
|
slap kick |
|
nehryuh jeek
gi |
:
|
ax kick;
literally "downward foot strike" |
|
hwe jun
chagi |
:
|
swing kick |
|
mil a chagi |
:
|
pushing kick
(also "mil gi chagi") |
|
gokwang i
chagi |
:
|
pickax kick |
|
pyojuk chagi |
:
|
target kick |
|
dolmyo chagi |
:
|
spinning
kick |
|
tdwim yah
chagi |
:
|
jumping kick |
|
yung seuk
chagi |
:
|
combination
(consecutive) kick |
|
meekulmyu
chagi |
:
|
sliding kick
(also "mikulgi chagi") |
|
goollruh
chagi |
:
|
rolling kick |
|
natgeh tdwim
yu chagi |
:
|
hopping kick |
|
nalla chagi |
:
|
flying kick
(also "goong jung chagi") |
|
gahwi chagi |
:
|
scissors
kick |
|
illja chagi |
:
|
linear kick |
|
japgo chagi |
:
|
holding
(grasp) kick |
|
ohpo chagi |
:
|
falling kick
(leg sweep) |
|
nachu oh
chagi |
:
|
stooping
kick |
|
sohgi |
:
|
stance |
|
jah seh |
:
|
posture (or
stance) [used instead of "sohgi" in some styles] |
|
ahnjun sohgi |
:
|
sitting
stance |
|
ahp sohgi |
:
|
front stance |
|
ahp koo bi
sohgi |
:
|
front bent
knee stance (also just "ahp koo bi") |
|
dwi sohgi |
:
|
back stance |
|
dwi koo bi
sohgi |
:
|
back bent
knee stance (also just "dwi koo bi") |
|
beom sohgi |
:
|
cat (or
tiger) stance (also "goyang-i sohgi") |
|
kuht neun
sohgi |
:
|
walking
stance |
|
juchoom
sohgi |
:
|
horseback
riding stance ("kima sohgi" in some styles) |
|
mot sohgi |
:
|
fighting
stance |
|
kyorugi
sohgi |
:
|
sparring
stance |
|
choon bi
sohgi |
:
|
ready stance
(also "pyeonhi sohgi") |
|
gibon sohgi |
:
|
basic stance |
|
guande sohgi |
:
|
middle
stance |
|
naranhee
sohgi |
:
|
parallel
stance |
|
niun ja
sohgi |
:
|
`L'-stance |
|
gojang sohgi |
:
|
fixed
(lower-back) stance |
|
sa sun sohgi |
:
|
diagonal
stance |
|
gyuttari
sohgi |
:
|
fixed
balance (or bent knee) stance |
|
koh ah sohgi |
:
|
crossed foot
stance |
|
kyo cha
sohgi |
:
|
`X'-stance |
|
mo ah sohgi |
:
|
close stance |
|
joong-rib
sohgi |
:
|
neutral
stance |
|
dong yuk
sohgi |
:
|
dynamic
stance |
|
cha yun
sohgi |
:
|
natural
stance |
|
chagi sohgi |
:
|
kicking
stance |
|
hahktari
sohgi |
:
|
crane stance
(also "ue bal sohgi") |
|
kyorugi |
:
|
(free)
sparring |
|
han bun
kyorugi |
:
|
one step
sparring |
|
doo bun
kyorugi |
:
|
two step
sparring |
|
sae bun
kyorugi |
:
|
three step
sparring |
|
bahn ja yu
kyorugi |
:
|
semi free
sparring |
|
machu oh
kyorugi |
:
|
arranged
free sparring |
|
jeon |
:
|
round
(competition segment) |
|
shihap |
:
|
bout or
match |
|
jeum |
:
|
point |
|
shi gan |
:
|
time out |
|
keum bahk |
:
|
out of
bounds |
|
kyong go |
:
|
warning |
|
gam jeum |
:
|
deduction of
point |
|
shil kyuk |
:
|
disqualification |
|
boo sang |
:
|
injury |
|
seung |
:
|
win |
|
bi kim |
:
|
tie |
|
chung |
:
|
blue |
|
hong |
:
|
red |
|
hin |
:
|
white |
|
jajun bahl |
:
|
use of
footwork to dodge a technique |
|
nachugi |
:
|
body evasion
by "ducking" |
|
cha ryuht |
:
|
attention |
|
choon bi |
:
|
ready |
|
bah ro |
:
|
return to
starting position |
|
dwi uro
dorah |
:
|
about face |
|
dorah |
:
|
turn |
|
elosoh |
:
|
stand |
|
gomahn |
:
|
stop (also
"mum cho") |
|
geuk gi
hyang ha yoh |
:
|
face the
flag |
|
jwa woo
hyang woo |
:
|
face each
other |
|
sah bum nim
keh |
:
|
face
instructor/master |
|
sun bae nim
keh |
:
|
face senior
student |
|
simsa kwan
nim keh |
:
|
face
examiner/tester |
|
dobok
dahnjung |
:
|
fix your
uniform |
|
dhee
dahnjung |
:
|
fix your
belt |
|
hai sahn |
:
|
class
dismissed (also "hae cho") |
|
jonglee |
:
|
line up
(also "ji hap" and "jung yul") |
|
kyung nae |
:
|
bow |
|
ahnjoe |
:
|
sit |
|
kool o angi |
:
|
kneel
(kneeling) |
|
bah ro angi |
:
|
sit in lotus
position (yoga posture) |
|
bahl bah
kwah |
:
|
switch your
stance (switch your feet) |
|
koo ryung op
see |
:
|
in your own
time |
|
seijak |
:
|
begin |
|
shiuh |
:
|
relax |
|
kalyeo |
:
|
break (or
stop) |
|
kae sok |
:
|
continue |